麦克白英文读书笔记

After learning this drama during this semester, I learn a lot. And here I have some points to talk about.

The first one is that I am very impressed by the wittiness of Duncan’s two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain. When their father is murdered, the situation is a chaos. They don’t know who the murderer is and what their intentions are. They realize that they may be also in danger, as Donalbain says to Malcolm: “What should be spoken here, where our fate, hid in an auger-hole, may rush, and seize us? Let’s away; our tears are not yet brew’d.” So when Macbeth suggests all meet in the hall together, Malcolm says that”let’s not consort with them” and he goes to England and Donalbain to Ireland. As we can see, if they don’t flee, they may become the next persons to die, especially Malcolm, who is named by the king the Prince of Cumberland and will inherit the kingship after his father. As the old saying goes, revenge is a dish that should be eaten cold . The fact also proves that they make the right decision. Several years later, Malcolm comes back, fights with Macbeth and gains the kingship. What I want to say is not that we should revenge our enemies, but that we should keep in reason, keep calm. Think twice before you jump, especially in emergencies and disorders.

Another point I’d like to talk about is the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. At the very beginning, we can see that they have a very good relationship. Before he comes back home, Macbeth has already send a letter home to Lady Macbeth to tell her the success of the war and the three witches’ prophesy. When Macbeth hesitate if murder Duncan or not, Lady Macbeth scolds him as coward. All these indicate that they are in a good relationship. After Duncan is killed, in order to clear the way to become the king, Macbeth plans to kill Banquo and his son. But he doesn’t tell his wife. Their relation is going badly. We can infer that Macbeth doesn’t tell Lady Macbeth his plan to kill Macduff’s wife and children either. Because in Act Ⅴ Scene Ⅰ， when Lady Macbeth is sleep walking, she says: “The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now?” And finally when his wife is dead, he is very cold, just saying: “she could have died hereafter; there would have been a time for such a word.” How comes a loving couple of the old days becomes strangers! It’s the blood-thirsty ambition that counts. From this, I learn that sometimes ambition is not a good thing. And if you have a proper ambition, such as becoming a champion in a competition or getting the highest score in an exam, you should get it through proper means, such as practicing a lot and study hard but not through cheating. Also, I learn that wife is an important role in a family. She should always lead the husband to go the right way to get the right thing. Otherwise, she could be the one who is hurt mostly.

莎士比亚的著名悲剧《麦克白》讲述的是主人公麦克白从忠臣到暴君的转变以及他堕落与毁灭的故事。

人们常说，麦克白是一个十足的恶人——弑君、篡位、凶残、暴虐、嗜杀??几乎一无是处。但是如果你们翻开《麦克白》的剧本细细阅读一下，会发现真相其实不然，麦克白最初的时候是一名骁勇善战且赤胆忠心的苏格兰大将，曾几乎凭一己之力平定了一场叛乱。

麦克白是苏格兰王室，国王邓肯的表弟。身为王室贵族，麦克白自然不免有一些觊觎王位的念头。但是，这只是一个潜伏于内心深处的一点点野心，或许连麦克白自己都不知道。

每个潜藏的野心都会因某种外在的因素而一触而发。真正触发麦克白这种念头的，则是那次在荒原他和另一员大将班柯与三个女巫的邂逅。三个女巫对麦克白说：“万福，麦克白!祝福你，葛莱密斯爵士!万福，麦克白!祝福你，考特爵士!万福，麦克白，未来的君王!”她们又对班柯说：“祝福!祝福!祝福!比麦克白低微，可是你的地位在他之上。不像麦克白那样幸运，可是比他更有福。你虽然不是君王，你的子孙将要君临一国。”本来麦克白不相信鬼神，对这些话语只会付诸一笑，可是，偏偏一场巧合激发了麦克白的野心。麦克白刚刚转身，便看见一个大臣骑马飞驰而来，告诉他考特爵士通敌叛国，已经被邓肯王斩杀。大臣告诉他，国王因他战功赫赫而将考特爵士转封给了他，而且国王晚上将去他家住宿。麦克白很高兴，与此同时他也觉得似乎那些女巫的预言真的不是空穴来风，自己真的有可能成为未来的君王。一个潜藏的野心浮上了表面，麦克白也从此走出了他从忠臣到暴君的第一步。

可是一个有野心的人不一定知道自己应该用什么样的方式去达成它，需要一个人，一个足够邪恶的人来教导他。本来麦克白或许会就此罢休，可是偏偏他的夫人就是一个邪恶的女人，心中充满了恶念。她听麦克白叙述了他的奇遇，以及邓肯王要来家中住宿，一个邪念顿时涌上心头：她想让麦克白在邓肯熟睡之际将其刺杀，以便让麦克白迅速登上王位。麦克白毕竟还良心未泯，不愿意弑君篡位。但是，麦克白的意志是脆弱的，经不住夫人接二连三的激将。有一次，她甚至说麦克白是一个懦夫，这是勇猛的麦克白最不能忍受的。在夫人的怂恿下，麦克白在深夜进入了邓肯王的卧室，刺杀了邓肯王，并嫁祸于国王的两个卫兵。第二天，麦克白又以谋反的罪名杀死了两个无辜的卫兵，销毁了一切证据。邓肯死后，邓肯的两个儿子马尔康和道纳本逃亡国外，被人怀疑弑父潜逃;而麦克白因位高权重，又是王室贵族，被大臣们拥立为新的君王。麦克白登上了王位，如愿以偿。尽管如此，这次弑君行为也让麦克白从此失去了安宁，就像《麦克白》中所说的那样：“葛莱密斯已经杀害了睡眠，所以考特将再也得不到睡眠，麦克白将再也得不到睡眠!”麦克白的内心也从此被内疚所捆绑，他曾看着自己沾满鲜血的双手，说：“这是什么手!嘿!它们要挖出我的眼睛。大洋里所有的水，能够洗净我手上的血迹吗?不，恐怕我这一手的血，倒要把一碧无垠的海水染成一片殷红呢。”

但是，以不义得来的王位必须以罪恶加以巩固。麦克白登上王位后，想起了女巫们对班柯所说的话语，他觉得十分惊恐惧，便派刺客去暗杀班柯和他的儿子弗里恩斯。班柯虽然死了，但弗里恩斯却逃去了，这也从此成为麦克白的一块心病。麦克白为了确保自己统治的稳定，又去拜访了那三个女巫。这次女巫派鬼魂对他预言，说麦克白要留心费埔爵士麦克德夫，还说麦克白可以将所有人类的力量付诸一笑，没有妇人所生的人能伤害麦克白，并且麦克白

永远不会被击败，除非勃南的森林有朝一日向麦克白的首都邓西嫩移动。麦克白很高兴，但为了确保自己的绝对安全，他又派刺客袭击了麦克德夫的城堡，把麦克德夫的妻儿杀得一干二净，但麦克德夫已经逃往了英格兰。这一轮的'杀戮过后，麦克白成为了一个十足的暴君。

恶人是终究要受到惩罚的。麦克白虽然杀了这么多的人，但仍然得不到安宁，还众叛亲离。麦克白觉得，他的人生“不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手画脚的拙劣的伶人，登场片刻，就在无声无臭中悄然退下，它是一个愚人所讲的故事，充满着喧哗与骚动，却找不到一点意义”。所有的爵士都背叛了麦克白，前往英格兰去投奔潜藏在那儿的邓肯长子马尔康。马尔康在英格兰的支持下，举兵进攻麦克白。与此同时，恶贯满盈的麦克白夫人也因负疚过多而精神崩溃，患了梦游症，在夜间自杀了。马尔康所率领的军队来到了勃南森林附近，马尔康命令士兵们一人折一根树枝做掩护，向邓西嫩进军。麦克白在邓西嫩的城头上眺望敌军，看到一大片“树林”正从勃南森林向邓西嫩移动。鬼魂的预言应验了，“勃南森林”真的正在向邓西嫩移动。麦克白有些胆怯，但想到鬼魂曾说没有妇人所生的人能击败他，麦克白再次拾起了勇气。他出城迎战，再次重现了当年作为忠臣时那横扫千军的威风。但由于他的士兵不断倒戈，麦克白退入了城内。在王宫内，麦克白与麦克德夫狭路相逢。麦克德夫要为家人报仇，要和麦克白决斗。麦克白很藐视麦克德夫，说女巫预言没有妇人所生的人能击败他。麦克德夫说，让你的女巫告诉你，麦克德夫是不足月就从母腹中剖出来的，不是妇人所生的。麦克白醒悟了，明白了女巫的邪恶和模棱两可，但事已至此，他仍要和麦克德夫血战到底。最终，麦克白被麦克德夫斩杀，一代暴君终于落得个枭首示众的下场。

麦克白的命运是悲剧性的，他原是一个忠臣，女巫的蛊惑，夫人的怂恿，激发了他的野心，让他变得邪恶，最终篡夺了王位。为了巩固自己的王位，他又大开杀戒，成为了一个千夫所指的暴君。麦克白就这样一步步地堕落，变得越来越阴邪，直到最后被正义之师所讨伐。莎士比亚的这部悲剧揭示了人心的罪恶：一个看似心无邪念的人也可能会因种种外在因素而一步步堕落，直到自取灭亡，自我毁灭，就像麦克白一样。